Chemical analysis of n-propyl gallate used as pre-treatment for resin-dentin bond strength: In vitro study.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of n-propyl gallate as pre-treatment for resin-dentin bond strength. The dentin pre-treatments evaluated included propyl gallate of concentrations 0.1% (w/v), 1.0% (w/v), and 10.0% (w/v), as well as glutaraldehyde 5.0% (v/v), and distilled water as a control treatment. Dentin specimens were prepared for Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) (n = 3/pre-treatment). Pre-treatments were actively applied to dentin blocks before performing the adhesive procedure to composite resin. Microtensile bond strength to dentin (µTBS) (n = 8/pre-treatment) was determined after 24 h and 6 months of storage. Data were submitted to a two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post hoc test. As for FT-IR, propyl gallate 1%-treated specimens presented higher water, carbonate, collagen, and amide absorbance rates compared to other tested groups, while specimens pre-treated with glutaraldehyde and distilled water presented similar absorbance curves. Regarding µTBS, all concentrations of propyl gallate resulted in statistically significant higher bond strength values than distilled water at 24 h. After 6 months of storage, propyl gallate 0.1% was the only group that maintained µTBS over time. Propyl gallate 0.1% might be a suitable dentinal pre-treatment due to being able to present chemical bonds with demineralized dentin and providing resin-dentin bond stability after 6 months of storage.

Controlled release devices as adjuvants in nonsurgical periodontal therapy: A systematic review.

Controlled release devices (CRD) have been widely studied regarding their application in periodontal therapy. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the use and effectiveness of controlled-release devices in nonsurgical periodontal therapy through a systematic review. The research was carried out in six different databases, namely: Online Medical Literature Search and Analysis System (Medline-PubMed), Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, Scielo, and Google Scholar. The descriptors "Delayed-Action Preparation," "Therapeutics," and "Periodontitis," were used with their EntryTerms and connected through the Boolean operators AND and OR. A total of 2847 studies were found, and after applying the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist flowchart, 34 were selected using the eligibility criteria. After that, the qualitative results were tabulated and the risk of bias in each of them was evaluated. It can be observed that the use of CRD presents itself as a successful alternative for adjuvant treatment to periodontal therapy, a fact due to its availability and local concentration in the crevicular fluid. However, further clinical research is still needed to develop devices that are effective, with an easy and quick application, as well as available at a good cost-benefit ratio.

Efeito Biomodificador de Diferentes Agentes de Ligações Cruzadas nas Propriedades Mecânicas do Colágeno Dentinário / Biomodifying Effect of Different Cross-Linking Agents on the Mechanical Properties of Dentin Collagen

Objetivo: avaliar o efeito biomodificador dos agentes de ligações cruzadas nas propriedades mecânicas do colágeno dentinário. Material e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo laboratorial in vitro, nos quais foram confeccionadas 18 barras de dentina a partir de terceiros molares humanos extraídos e livres de cárie. Os espécimes foram desmineralizados em ácido fosfórico a 10%, por 5 horas, distribuídos aleatoriamente nos grupos distintos e mantidos em suas respectivas soluções de pré-tratamento: água destilada (AD), Proantocianidina a 6,5% (PAC6,5) e Cardanol a 6,5% (CAR6,5) por períodos de 1 hora. Foram realizados os testes de flexão de três pontos para obtenção do módulo de elasticidade (ME) e modificação de massa (MM). Foram submetidos ao teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnoff seguido, do teste de ANOVA à um critério e pós teste de Tukey para a MM, e Dunns para diferença de ME (p<0,05). Resultados: Os valores obtidos no ME mostraram mudanças estatísticas notáveis em todos os grupos testados, quando comparados ao controle negativo (p<0,001), assim como na variação de massa foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas nos valores médios entre os grupos testados (p=0,012). Conclusão: o uso da PAC6,5 irá melhorar as propriedades mecânicas do colágeno

Objective: to evaluate the biomodifying effect of cross-linking agents on the mechanical properties of the teeth. Material and Methods: this is an in vitro laboratory study, in which 18 bars of dentin were made from extracted, caries-free human third molars. The samples were demineralized in 10% phosphoric acid for 5 hours, randomly distributed in different groups and kept in their pre-treatment solutions: distilled water (AD), Proanthocyanidin at 6.5% (PAC6.5) and Cardanol at 6.5% (CAR6.5) for periods of 1 hour. Three-point bending tests were performed to obtain the modulus of elasticity (ME) and mass modification (MM). They were submitted to the Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test followed by the Kruskal-Wallis' test and the Tukey's post-test for mass modification, and Kruskal-Wallis' test after a Dunn's test for difference in the modulus of elasticity(p <0.05). Results: the values selected in the ME show possible statistical changes in all groups tested, when compared to the negative control (p<0.001), as well as the mass variation. Data were shown in the average values between the groups tested (p = 0.012). Conclusion: The use of PAC6.5 will improve the mechanical properties of the collection

Agentes condicionantes alternativos no procedimento adesivo: revisão de literatura / Alternative conditioning agents in the adhesive procedure: literature review

Objetivos: revisar a literatura acerca do uso de ACA no procedimento adesivo. Métodos: Realizaram-se duas buscas distintas na literatura, na base de dados PubMed, na qual a primeira se utilizou das palavras-chave "Restorative dentistry" e "Alternativeconditioning", combinadas entre si pelo operador booleno "AND". Encontraram-se 28 estudos sem restrição de período em que, após a leitura crítica de títulos e resumos, selecionaram-se três. A segunda busca utilizou as palavras-chave "Alternativeconditioning", "Adhesives" e "Dentistry", combinadas pelo operador booleano "AND", encontrando 72 estudos sem restrição de período e, após a leitura de títulos e resumos, selecionaram-se três. Entre eles, o Ácido Fosfórico (AF) foi incapaz de remover a camada hipermineralizada de dentina das Lesões Cervicais Não Cariosas (LCNC). Resultados: Notou-se a eficácia do EDTA, como alternativa ao condicionamento convencional, nas superfícies tratadas com clorexidina. Já o ácido metafosfórico a 40% dispôs de precipitação do mineral bruxita. O condicionamento com Ácido Cítrico (AC) a 5% e Cloreto Férrico Anidro (CFA) a 0,6% e 1,8%, ambos exibiram ótima microtração. O condicionamento com Ácido Nítrico (AN) a 10% e Oxalato Férrico (OF) a 3% reduziu a resistência de união. Entretanto, o resultado pode variar conforme o adesivo utilizado. Conclusão: Os estudos comprovaram a eficácia da aplicação de ACA em procedimentos adesivos, contribuindo com o aumento da retenção das restaurações.

Objective: The Alternative Conditioning Agents (ACA) aim to reduce the biodegradation of adhesive interfaces in resinous restorations. Methods: The aim was to review the literature on the use of ACA in the adhesive procedure. Two different searches were performed in the literature, in the PubMed database, in which the first one used the keywords "Restorative dentistry" and "Alternative conditioning", combined with the Boolene operator "AND". There were 28 studies without period restrictions in which, after critical reading of titles and abstracts, 3 were selected. The second search used the keywords "Alternative conditioning", "Adhesives" and "Dentistry", combined by the Boolean operator "AND", finding 72 studies without period restriction and, after reading titles and abstracts, 3 were selected. Among these, phosphoric acid (PA) was unable to remove the hypermineralized dentin layer from non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL). Results: The efficacy of EDTA, as an alternative to conventional conditioning, was noted on surfaces treated with chlorhexidine. Metaphosphoric acid at 40% had precipitation of the "bruxita" bauxite/brucite mineral. The conditioning with 5% Citric Acid (CA) and 0.6% and 1.8% Anhydrous Ferric Chloride (AFC) both showed excellent microtraction. Citric Acid (CA) conditioning at 10% and Ferric Oxalate (FO) at 3% reduced the bond strength. However, the result may vary according to the adhesive used. Conclusion: Studies have proven the efficacy of ACA in adhesive procedures, contributing to increased retention of restorations.

Correlação de Ansiedade com a Presença de Lesões Cervicais Dentárias não Cariosas / Association between anxiety and the presence of non-carious dental cervical lesions

Objetivo: este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a associação entre ansiedade, hábitos alimentares, parafuncionais, condições sistêmicas, hábitos de higiene oral em associação com a ansiedade de pacientes com lesões cervicais dentárias não cariosas (LCNCs) em uma população. Material e Métodos: por meio de um estudo quantitativo, observacional, 100 pacientes, obtidos por cálculo do tamanho da amostra, com presença de LCNCs, foram avaliados por exame clínico e cálculo amostral; entre 20 e 58 anos, com idade média de 37 anos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário elaborado por um pesquisador previamente calibrado, referente à avaliação médica, odontológica, de histórico social e de ansiedade. Após a obtenção dos dados, eles foram tabulados e submetidos à análise estatística pelo teste binomial exato de Fisher de duas proporções, adotando um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: o consumo de bebida gaseificada (81,6%), frutas cítricas (76,3%), frequência de escovação dentária igual ou superior a três vezes ao dia (100%) e abrasividade do creme dental (100%) foram significativamente associados à presença de NCCL (p = 0,0001). Doença do refluxo gastrointestinal, xerostomia, bulimia e anorexia demonstraram associação negativa com o NCCL (p=1,000). A ansiedade não mostrou relação direta com a NCCL na população estudada (36,8%). Conclusão: assim, pode-se concluir que não houve associação direta entre a presença de lesões cervicais não cariosas e a ansiedade

Objective: This study evaluated the association between parafunctional anxiety, eating habits, systemic conditions and assessment of oral hygiene habits with dental non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL). Material and Methods: this quantitative, observational study included 100 patients between 20 and 58 years old (mean of 37 years) with NCCL evaluated by clinical examination and sample calculation. The data were collected with use of a questionnaire made by a previously calibrated researcher, which referred to medical, dental, social history and anxiety assessments. After obtaining the data they were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis using Fisher's exact two-proportion binomial test, adopting a 5% significance level. Results: consumption of carbonated drinks (81.6%), citrus fruits (76.3%), tooth brushing frequency equal or higher than three times a day (100%) and abrasiveness of toothpaste (100%) were significantly associated with presence of NCCL (p=0.0001). Gastrointestinal reflux, xerostomia, bulimia and anorexia showed negative association with NCCL (p=1.000). Anxiety was not directly associated with NCCL in the study population (36.8%). Conclusion: there was no direct association between the presence of non-carious cervical lesions and anxiety

Ácido tânico como agente biomodificador de dentina / Tanic acid as biomodificator of collagen dentin

Introdução: a utilização de diferentes polifenóis no aumento das propriedades mecânicas do colágeno dentinário tem sido bastante empregada, sendo o ácido tânico um polifenol com propriedade biológica bastante pronunciada. Objetivo: avaliar o potencial biomodificador do ácido tânico (AT) em diferentes concentrações em colágeno dentinário. Métodos: os fatores sob investigação foram módulo de elasticidade, mensurado por meio de um ensaio de flexão de três pontos (n=10) e variação de massa (n=10), aferidos com uma balança de precisão, sendo, para tanto, avaliados os seguintes elementos: ácido tânico (0,1; 1 e 10%), proantocianidina (6,5%) e água destilada (controle). Resultados: quanto ao módulo de elasticidade, os grupos tratados com ácido tânico apresentaram valores, estatisticamente, superiores (p<0,05) aos demais grupos, não sendo observadas diferenças entre suas diferentes concentrações. Para os valores de variação de massa, os grupos que foram imersos em agentes biomodificadores apresentaram valores estatisticamente (p<0,05) superiores ao grupo controle. Conclusão: o ácido tânico se apresenta como um potencial agente biomodificador do colágeno dentinário, independente da concentração utilizada, aumentando o seu módulo de elasticidade e gerando um ganho de massa após uma hora de imersão.

Introduction: The use of different polyphenols in the increase of the mechanical properties of dentin collagen has been widely used, thus, tannic acid being a polyphenol with very pronounced biological proprieties. Objective: to evaluate the biomodifying potential of tannic acid (AT) in different concentrations in dentin collagen. Methods: the factors under investigation were modulus of elasticity, measured by a three-point bending test (n = 10), and mass variation (n = 10), measured by means of a precision scale, being the following substances evaluated: tannic acid (0.1, 1 and 10%), proanthocyanidin (6.5%) and distilled water (control). Results: As for the modulus of elasticity, the groups treated with tannic acid presented statistically higher values (p <0.05) in relation to the other groups, and no differences were observed between the different concentrations. For the values of mass variation, the groups that were immersed in biomodifiers showed statistically (p <0.05) values higher than the control group. Conclusion: tannic acid presents as a potential biomodifying agent of dentin collagen, regardless of the concentration used, increasing its modulus of elasticity and generating a mass gain after one hour of immersion.

Avaliação do efeito de técnicas de acabamento e polimento na rugosidade superficial de resinas compostas / Evaluation of the effect of finishing and polishing techniques on surface roughness of composite resins

Introdução: o acabamento e o polimento das resinas compostas (RC) podem interferir diretamente na rugosidade desses materiais, estando relacionadas com a adesividade de placa bacteriana, manchamento, brilho e lisura. Objetivo: comparar a rugosidade superficial de duas RC, sendo uma micro-híbrida (Filtek Z250) e outra nanoparticulada (Filtek Z350), após a realização dos procedimentos de acabamento e polimento. Métodos: utilizando-se uma matriz metálica, confeccionaram-se quinze discos de cada RC. A lisura superficial proporcionada pela fita de poliéster foi avaliada por meio de um rugosímetro (Hommel Tech-T1000), obtendo-se dados iniciais. Realizou-se a mensuração em triplicata, obtendo-se o valor da rugosidade média (Ra). Lixaram-se as superfícies de topo dos espécimes e seguiu-se nova obtenção da Ra. Os espécimes foram, aleatoriamente, distribuídos em três grupos: GI ­ discos de óxido de alumínio; GII ­ pontas siliconadas e GIII ­ discos de diamante micronizado, sendo obtida a Ra final. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis e Qui-quadrado (α=1%). Resultados: a média e o desvio-padrão expresso em µm foram: Z-250 GI - 0,16 (0,09), GII - 0,32 (0,06) e GIII - 0,06 (0,02) e para Z-350 GI - 0,06 (0,01), GII - 0,49 (0,14) e GIII - 0,07 (0,01). Para Z-250, o GIII apresentou melhor polimento, sendo, estatisticamente, diferente de GI e GII (p≤0,01). Para Z-350, não houve diferença estatística entre os GI e GIII, mas eles foram superiores ao GII (p≤0,01). Conclusão: o disco de diamante micronizado proporcionou melhores valores de lisura superficial independente do tipo de resina composta empregada.

Introduction: finishing and polishing of composite resins (CR) can directly interfere with the roughness of these materials, being related to bacterial plaque adhesion, staining, gloss and smoothness. Objective: to compare the surface roughness of two CR, a micro-hybrid (Filtek Z250) and a nanoparticulate (Filtek Z350) after finishing and polishing. Methods: using a metal matrix, fifteen disks of each CR were made. The surface smoothness provided by the polyester tape was evaluated by a rugosimeter (Hommel Tech-T1000) obtaining initial data. Measurements were made in triplicate, and the mean roughness value (Ra) was obtained. The top surfaces of the specimens were sieved and re-obtained the Ra. The specimens were randomly distributed into three groups: GI - aluminum oxide discs; GII - silicone tips and GIII - micronized diamond discs, obtaining the final Ra. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test and chi-square test (α = 1%). Results: the mean and standard deviation expressed in µm were: Z-250 GI - 0.16 (0.09), GII - 0.32 (0.06) and GIII - 0.06 (0.02) and for Z -350 GI - 0.06 (0.01), GII - 0.49 (0.14) and GIII - 0.07 (0.01). For Z-250, the GIII presented better polishing, being statistically different from GI and GII (p≤0.01). For Z-350, there was no statistical difference between GI and GIII, but these were higher than GII (p≤0.01). Conclusion: the micronized diamond disk provided better surface smoothness values independent on the type of composite resin used.

Synthesis and characterization of a new methacrylate monomer derived from the cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) and its effect on dentinal tubular occlusion.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to synthesize, to characterize and to evaluate the effects on tubular occlusion of new monomer derived from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), also studying the effects of acid challenge (AC) on dentin surfaces treated with desensitizers. METHODS: The intermediary cardanol-epoxy (CNE) was synthesized through epoxidation of CNSL, followed by synthesis of cardanol-methacrylate-epoxy (CNME) through methacryloyl chloride esterification. Products were purified through chromatography column and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. Resinous dentin desensitizers were formulated containing either unsaturated cardanol (CNU), CNE or CNME. Dentin disks were divided into seven groups: SL - Smear-layer, EDTA - EDTA-treated only, GLUMA - Gluma Desensitizer, OCB - One Coat Bond, CNU - CNU desensitizer, CNE - CNE desensitizer and CNME - CNME desensitizer. Dentinal fluid rate (DFF) was obtained using a Flodec equipment and tubular occlusion employing a scanning electron microscope (SEM), before and after AC. Data of DFF were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05). RESULTS: GLUMA showed the lower reduction in DFF when compared to the other products, which were statistically similar. Even after AC, CNME presented the most homogenous and occluded surface, while CNE and CNU were partially removed, GLUMA was completely removed and OCB keep an occluded, but irregular surface. SIGNIFICANCE: CNME showed a great reduction of DFF and a homogenous occluded surface, suggesting that it may be a suitable and acid-resistant treatment option for dentine hypersensitivity.